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--Race is a social construct.
--\\By this standard everything is a social construct, oh you call your bone/meat things connected to your arms "hands", contrary to "hooves" or "paws", not like you can see any difference between them now can you? they are just social constructs you see an actual social construct are things like philosophy, mathematics, religion, the concept of value in worthless paper money etc names for real things are made up by humans ofc, it's not like some god came down and gave us the actual metaphysical "real" name for these things all taxonomical classifications is made up, hopefully to convey some meaning as all words of value do if the words are not used to differentiate between things then what use are they? the fact that you can tell differences in groups based solely on their physical traits already fits into taxonomy, you do understand that at the time of Carl von Linné taxonomy was done by eye only? right? the small differences used to claim different birds or what have you are different species or subspecies was entirely done by differentiating physical differences like colors or feather/fur length (not even bone structure) Race is real, it can easily be discerned even by children your kind like to play word games making a jumble out of everything in hopes of confusing reality to such an extent that nothing makes sense anymore
++
--[[https:~~/~~/archive.org/details/deniofmanoutlinraces00rich/page/320/mode/2up>>https://archive.org/details/deniofmanoutlinraces00rich/page/320/mode/2up]]
--[[https:~~/~~/archive.org/details/racialelementsof035485mbp/mode/2up>>https://archive.org/details/racialelementsof035485mbp/mode/2up]]
++= Existence of Biological Races in Humans =
--[[https:~~/~~/www.amren.com/archives/back-issues/october-1999/#cover>>https://www.amren.com/archives/back-issues/october-1999/#cover]]
++Race (in biological context) refers to distinct population subgroups within a species – essentially synonymous with the term “[[subspecies>>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subspecies]]” or “variety” in taxonomy.{{footnote}}Jared Taylor, "The Biological Reality of Race," *American Renaissance*, October 1999. Available at: [[https://www.amren.com/archives/back-issues/october-1999/#:~:text=I should first explain my,thought to be separate species]]{{/footnote}} The question of whether human races exist biologically has been debated, but a substantial body of scientific evidence indicates that human populations are not all identical, and that meaningful biological differences and clusters exist among groups of common ancestry. This article examines the concept of human race as a biological reality, presenting genetic, morphological, and physiological evidence of human racial differences (beyond just skin color), as well as addressing common misconceptions.
--[[https:~~/~~/web.archive.org/web/20120204035025/http:~~/~~/www.lrainc.com/swtaboo/stalkers/jpr_rghrs.html>>https://web.archive.org/web/20120204035025/http://www.lrainc.com/swtaboo/stalkers/jpr_rghrs.html]]
++== Definition and Taxonomic Context of Race ==
--[[https:~~/~~/web.archive.org/web/20080309141821/http:~~/~~/inverted-world.com/index.php/articles/articles/the_reality_of_racial_differences/>>https://web.archive.org/web/20080309141821/http://inverted-world.com/index.php/articles/articles/the_reality_of_racial_differences/]]
++In biology, a species may be monotypic (no distinct subspecies) or polytypic (composed of multiple subspecies or races). The term “race” is a traditional synonym for subspecies.{{footnote}}Michael A. Woodley, *“Is Homo sapiens polytypic? Human taxonomic diversity and its implications,”* Medical Hypotheses 74: 195–201 (2009). Available at: [[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/26756268_Is_Homo_sapiens_polytypic_Human_taxonomic_diversity_and_its_implications]]{{/footnote}} Humans (*Homo sapiens*) are *often* said to be monotypic (no subspecies), with “races” claimed to be social constructs without biological basis. However, many scientists argue that humans are in fact a polytypic species, exhibiting multiple distinct lineages or races, much like other widespread mammalian species.{{footnote}}Jared Taylor, "The Biological Reality of Race," *American Renaissance*, October 1999. Available at: [[https://www.amren.com/archives/back-issues/october-1999/#:~:text=height,weight,strength,intelligence,and,called varieties,subspecies,or races]]{{/footnote}} {{footnote}}Michael A. Woodley, *“Is Homo sapiens polytypic? Human taxonomic diversity and its implications,”* Medical Hypotheses 74: 195–201 (2009). Available at: [[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/26756268_Is_Homo_sapiens_polytypic_Human_taxonomic_diversity_and_its_implications]]{{/footnote}}
++Biologists historically defined subspecies as populations with distinct trait clusters and genetic differentiation. Recent research supports that human populations meet several scientific criteria for subspecies. For example, one 2009 analysis noted that *Homo sapiens* has high levels of morphological diversity, genetic heterozygosity, and between-group genetic differentiation (F<sub>ST</sub>) compared to many animal species that are acknowledged to be polytypic (having subspecies).{{footnote}}Anonymous, "Race is biologically non-existent — I’m not making it up," *Tumblr Blog*, 2014. Available at: [[https://someofmybestfriendsarewhite.tumblr.com/post/80846397928/race-is-biologically-non-existent-im-not-making]]{{/footnote}} In other words, the extent of differences among human groups is as large as or larger than that seen between subspecies in other species.{{footnote}}Anonymous, "Race is biologically non-existent — I’m not making it up," *Tumblr Blog*, 2014. Available at: [[https://someofmybestfriendsarewhite.tumblr.com/post/80846397928/race-is-biologically-non-existent-im-not-making]]{{/footnote}}
--= Existence of Biological Races in Humans =
++== Neanderthal Admixture and Its Implications for Human Racial Classification ==
--Race (in biological context) refers to distinct population subgroups within a species – essentially synonymous with the term “subspecies” or “variety” in taxonomy.{{footnote}}Jared Taylor, "The Biological Reality of Race," *American Renaissance*, October 1999. Available at: [[https://www.amren.com/archives/back-issues/october-1999/#:~:text=I should first explain my,thought to be separate species]]{{/footnote}} The question of whether human races exist biologically has been debated, but a substantial body of scientific evidence indicates that human populations are not all identical, and that meaningful biological differences and clusters exist among groups of common ancestry. This article examines the concept of human race as a biological reality, presenting genetic, morphological, and physiological evidence of human racial differences (beyond just skin color), as well as addressing common misconceptions.
++The classification of Neanderthals as a separate species or subspecies from modern humans (*Homo sapiens*) has long been a subject of scientific debate. Traditionally, Neanderthals were considered a distinct species (*Homo neanderthalensis*) based on morphological differences in skeletal remains. These include features such as a more robust build, larger cranial capacity, prominent brow ridges, and a distinct facial structure. However, advances in paleogenetics and ancient DNA analysis have complicated this clear-cut distinction.
--== Definition and Taxonomic Context of Race ==
++=== Morphological Distinctions ===
--In biology, a species may be monotypic (no distinct subspecies) or polytypic (composed of multiple subspecies or races). The term “race” is a traditional synonym for subspecies.{{footnote}}Michael A. Woodley, *“Is Homo sapiens polytypic? Human taxonomic diversity and its implications,”* Medical Hypotheses 74: 195–201 (2009). Available at: [[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/26756268_Is_Homo_sapiens_polytypic_Human_taxonomic_diversity_and_its_implications]]{{/footnote}} Humans (*Homo sapiens*) are *often* said to be monotypic (no subspecies), with “races” claimed to be social constructs without biological basis. However, many scientists argue that humans are in fact a polytypic species, exhibiting multiple distinct lineages or races, much like other widespread mammalian species.{{footnote}}Jared Taylor, "The Biological Reality of Race," *American Renaissance*, October 1999. Available at: [[https://www.amren.com/archives/back-issues/october-1999/#:~:text=height,weight,strength,intelligence,and,called varieties,subspecies,or races]]{{/footnote}} {{footnote}}Michael A. Woodley, *“Is Homo sapiens polytypic? Human taxonomic diversity and its implications,”* Medical Hypotheses 74: 195–201 (2009). Available at: [[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/26756268_Is_Homo_sapiens_polytypic_Human_taxonomic_diversity_and_its_implications]]{{/footnote}}
++Neanderthals exhibit several skeletal traits that differentiate them from anatomically modern humans, including:
--Biologists historically defined subspecies as populations with distinct trait clusters and genetic differentiation. Recent research supports that human populations meet several scientific criteria for subspecies. For example, one 2009 analysis noted that *Homo sapiens* has high levels of morphological diversity, genetic heterozygosity, and between-group genetic differentiation (F<sub>ST</sub>) compared to many animal species that are acknowledged to be polytypic (having subspecies).{{footnote}}Anonymous, "Race is biologically non-existent — I’m not making it up," *Tumblr Blog*, 2014. Available at: [[https://someofmybestfriendsarewhite.tumblr.com/post/80846397928/race-is-biologically-non-existent-im-not-making]]{{/footnote}} In other words, the extent of differences among human groups is as large as or larger than that seen between subspecies in other species.{{footnote}}Anonymous, "Race is biologically non-existent — I’m not making it up," *Tumblr Blog*, 2014. Available at: [[https://someofmybestfriendsarewhite.tumblr.com/post/80846397928/race-is-biologically-non-existent-im-not-making]]{{/footnote}}
++* Larger, elongated cranial vaults but with a more projecting midface.
++* Prominent supraorbital ridges (brow ridges).
++* Wider noses and larger nasal cavities.
++* Shorter, stockier limbs adapted for cold climates.
++* Robust overall skeletal morphology.
++While these differences are significant, they are not so drastic as to make Neanderthals unambiguously non-human. In fact, many of these features overlap with variation seen within modern human populations, particularly among certain archaic or robust groups. This phenotypic overlap complicates classification purely on morphological grounds.{{footnote}}Green, Richard E., et al., "A Draft Sequence of the Neandertal Genome," *Science* 328(5979): 710–722 (2010). Available at: [[https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.1188021]]{{/footnote}} {{footnote}}Prüfer, Kay, et al., "The complete genome sequence of a Neanderthal from the Altai Mountains," *Nature* 505: 43–49 (2014). Available at: [[https://www.nature.com/articles/nature12886]]{{/footnote}}
++
++=== Genetic Evidence and Interbreeding ===
++
++A pivotal discovery in the early 21st century was the sequencing of Neanderthal nuclear DNA, which revealed that non-African modern humans carry approximately 1–4% Neanderthal-derived genetic material. This finding implies that Neanderthals and modern humans interbred after modern humans migrated out of Africa roughly 50–70 thousand years ago.{{footnote}}Green, Richard E., et al., "A Draft Sequence of the Neandertal Genome," *Science* 328(5979): 710–722 (2010). Available at: [[https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.1188021]]{{/footnote}} {{footnote}}Reich, David, et al., "Denisova admixture and the first modern human dispersals into Southeast Asia and Oceania," *American Journal of Human Genetics* 89(4): 516–528 (2011). Available at: [[https://www.cell.com/ajhg/fulltext/S0002-9297(11)00364-2]]{{/footnote}}
++
++The presence of Neanderthal alleles in modern human genomes challenges the strict species boundary and suggests they were reproductively compatible, producing fertile offspring. This aligns with the biological species concept, which defines species by reproductive isolation. The gene flow indicates that Neanderthals might be better understood as a subspecies or a population within a broader species complex rather than a fully distinct species.{{footnote}}Pääbo, Svante, "The human condition—a molecular approach," *Cell* 157(1): 216–226 (2014). Available at: [[https://www.cell.com/fulltext/S0092-8674(14)00267-2]]{{/footnote}} {{footnote}}Coyne, Jerry A. and H. Allen Orr, *Speciation*, Sinauer Associates, 2004.{{/footnote}}
++
++=== Implications for Racial Classification ===
++
++The Neanderthal-modern human case provides a useful analogy for understanding race in modern humans:
++
++* **Gene flow and admixture blur species or subspecies boundaries**: Neanderthals had unique alleles prior to admixture, but those alleles became incorporated into modern human populations through interbreeding. Over time, this genetic mixing erased a clear genetic separation.
++
++* **Modern human races differ primarily in allele frequency distributions, not in unique alleles**: Similar to Neanderthals and modern humans, current human races do not have exclusive alleles absent in others, but rather differences in the relative frequencies of shared genetic variants, shaped by historical separation and partial reproductive isolation.
++
++* **Time scale matters**: Neanderthals diverged from modern humans hundreds of thousands of years ago and remained largely isolated until interbreeding events. Modern human racial groups diverged more recently (tens of thousands of years) with varying levels of gene flow.
++
++* **Morphological distinctions can overlap across groups**: Just as Neanderthal skeletal traits show overlap with modern humans, racial differences in morphology exhibit continuous variation without discrete boundaries.
++
++* **Classification is inherently a human decision based on criteria**: Whether Neanderthals are designated a species or subspecies depends on taxonomic philosophy, which applies similarly to how races are classified biologically.
++
++Thus, if the ability to interbreed and genetic continuity is key to species or subspecies designation, the absorption of Neanderthal alleles into modern humans reflects a collapse of their distinct classification. Similarly, modern races, while showing differences, exist within one species with partial but incomplete reproductive isolation.
++
++=== Summary ===
++
++* Neanderthals exhibit notable but overlapping morphological differences from modern humans.
++* Genetic evidence confirms interbreeding and gene flow between Neanderthals and modern humans.
++* This admixture weakens the species boundary, supporting subspecies or population-level classification.
++* Modern human racial groups similarly show partial isolation with distinct allele frequencies, but no fully unique alleles.
++* The Neanderthal case underscores the complexities in classifying biological groups and supports viewing human races as meaningful, though not absolute, biological clusters.
++
++
  Historically, physical anthropologists identified numerous human races based on clusters of inherited physical traits. Joseph Deniker (1900) and Hans F. K. Günther (1927), for instance, catalogued various races (or “racial elements”) in Europe and worldwide, distinguished by traits like skull shape, stature, facial form, hair texture, and pigmentation.{{footnote}}Hans F. K. Günther, *The Racial Elements of European History*, 1927. Available at: [[https://archive.org/stream/racialelementsof035485mbp/racialelementsof035485mbp_djvu.txt#:~:text=one%20or%20the%20other%20race,over%20the%20nape%20of%20the]]{{/footnote}} Such early classifications recognized, for example, a “Nordic race” in Northwest Europe – characterized by *tall stature, long heads (dolichocephalic), narrow faces, and light pigmentation* – versus a “Dinaric race” in the central European Alps with *shorter, broad skulls (brachycephalic) and broader faces*.{{footnote}}Hans F. K. Günther, *The Racial Elements of European History*, 1927. Available at: [[https://archive.org/stream/racialelementsof035485mbp/racialelementsof035485mbp_djvu.txt#:~:text=one%20or%20the%20other%20race,over%20the%20nape%20of%20the]]{{/footnote}} The fact that even pre-genetic era scientists could reliably identify geographically distinct human types underscores that human variation is non-random and structured, consistent with the existence of races.
  == Genetic Evidence for Human Races ==
@@ -137,7 +137,22 @@
  None of this is to deny the *social* reality of race – of course, cultural notions of race have changed and often been misused. But biologically, race is not a myth. As one geneticist wrote, “the genome challenges the social construction of race” by showing that genetic clusters consistent with racial classifications do indeed exist.{{footnote}}Anonymous, "Race is biologically non-existent — I’m not making it up," *Tumblr Blog*, 2014. Available at: [[https://someofmybestfriendsarewhite.tumblr.com/post/80846397928/race-is-biologically-non-existent-im-not-making#:~:text=The%20Genomic%20Challenge%20to%20the,Social%20Construction%20of%20Race]]{{/footnote}}{{footnote}}Anonymous, "Race is biologically non-existent — I’m not making it up," *Tumblr Blog*, 2014. Available at: [[https://someofmybestfriendsarewhite.tumblr.com/post/80846397928/race-is-biologically-non-existent-im-not-making#:~:text=synthesis%20that%20accepts%20the%20existence,emerging%20model%20for%20understanding%20biosocial]]{{/footnote}} In the end, it’s more scientifically sound and beneficial to appreciate human racial diversity for what it is – an integral part of our species’ natural heritage. Embracing this understanding, while rejecting racist prejudices, leads to a more honest and useful discourse. The biological concept of race, properly defined and contextualized, remains a robust framework in human biology and medicine, supported by countless empirical findings. Far from being “disproven,” the existence of human races is continually reinforced by modern research across genetics, anthropology, and epidemiology.
++Claiming that race is purely a social construct is done purely as an attempt to delegitimize Nationalism and attack the concept of racial preservation.
++\\[[image:1750305915924-792.png]]
++
++== Further Reading: ==
++
++==   ==
++
++[[The races of man : an outline of anthropology and ethnography / by J. Deniker>>https://archive.org/details/deniofmanoutlinraces00rich/page/320/mode/2up]]
++
++[[The Racial Elements Of European History>>https://archive.org/details/racialelementsof035485mbp/mode/2up]]
++
++[[~[Home/Contents~]~[email~] Race, genetics, and human reproductive strategies>>https://web.archive.org/web/20120204035025/http://www.lrainc.com/swtaboo/stalkers/jpr_rghrs.html]]
++
++[[The Reality of Racial Differences>>https://web.archive.org/web/20080309141821/http://inverted-world.com/index.php/articles/articles/the_reality_of_racial_differences/]]
++
  **Sources:**
  {{putFootnotes/}}

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